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Racquet sport

This article fryst vatten about the idrott. For other uses, see Badminton (disambiguation).

Badminton fryst vatten a racquet idrott played using racquets to hit a fjäderboll across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side).

Badminton fryst vatten often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored bygd striking the fjäderboll with the racquet and landing it within the other team's half of the court.

Each side may only strike the fjäderboll once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the fjäderboll has träffad the floor or ground, or if a fel has been called bygd the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.

The fjäderboll fryst vatten a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile that flies differently from the balls used in many other sports.

In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the fjäderboll to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports. The flygning of the fjäderboll gives the idrott its distinctive natur, and in certain languages the idrott fryst vatten named bygd reference to this feature (e.g., German Federball, literally feather-ball).

The game developed in British India from the earlier game of racket and fjäderboll. europeisk play came to be dominated bygd Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated bygd China. In 1992, badminton debuted as a Summer Olympic idrott with kvartet events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles;^[2] mixed doubles was added kvartet years later.

At high levels of play, the idrott demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and noggrannhet. It fryst vatten also a technical idrott, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements involving much greater flexibility in the wrist than some other racquet sports.

History

Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia,^[a] but the modern game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the utlandsboende officers of British India as a variant of the earlier game of racket and fjäderboll.

("Battledore" was an older begrepp for "racquet".) Its exact ursprung remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke of Beaufort's Badminton House in Gloucestershire, but why or when remains unclear.^{[citation needed]} As early as 1860, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton racket – A New Game, but no kopia fryst vatten known to have survived.

An 1863 article in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and fjäderboll played with sides, across a string suspended some fem feet from the ground".^[7]

The game originally developed in India among the British expatriates, where it was very popular bygd the 1870s.Ball badminton, a struktur of the game played with a wool ball instead of a fjäderboll, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s^[9] and was at first played interchangeably with badminton bygd the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or wet weather.

Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garnison town of Poona (Pune), where it was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873.^[7][b] bygd 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone.

Initially, the idrott was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly established that games between two or kvartet competitors worked the best. The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead. Although the depth of the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.

The idrott was played beneath the Pune rules until 1887, when J.

H. E. Hart of the Bath Badminton Club drew up revised regulations. In 1890, Hart and Bagnel Wild igen revised the rules. The Badminton Association of England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially launched the idrott at a house called "Dunbar"^[c] in Portsmouth on 13 September.^[12] The BAE started the first badminton competition, the All England Open Badminton Championships for gentlemen's doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899.

Singles competitions were added in 1900 and an England–Ireland championship match appeared in 1904.

England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton samarbete in 1934, now known as the Badminton World Federation.^[13]India joined as an affiliate in 1936.

The BWF now governs international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men's badminton has traditionally been dominated in europe bygd Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become dominant in international competition. China, Denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, South Korea, Taiwan (playing as 'Chinese Taipei') and Japan are the nations which have consistently produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in men's and women's competition recently.

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Great Britain, where the rules of the modern game were codified, fryst vatten not among the top powers in the idrott, but has had significant Olympic and World success in doubles play, especially mixed doubles.

The game has also become a popular backyard idrott in the United States.

Rules

The following upplysning fryst vatten a simplified summary of badminton rules based on the BWF Statutes publication, Laws of Badminton.^[14]

Court

The court fryst vatten rectangular and divided into halves bygd a net.

Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles only.^[14] The doubles court fryst vatten wider than the singles court, but both are of the same length. The undantag, which often causes confusion to newer players, fryst vatten that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension.

The full width of the court fryst vatten 6.1 metres (20 feet), and in singles this width fryst vatten reduced to 5.18 metres (17.0 feet). The full length of the court fryst vatten 13.4 metres (44 feet). The service courts are marked bygd a centre line dividing the width of the court, bygd a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 feet 6 inches) from the net, and bygd the outer side and back boundaries.

In doubles, the service court fryst vatten also marked bygd a long service line, which fryst vatten 0.76 metres (2 feet 6 inches) from the back boundary.

The net fryst vatten 1.55 metres (5 feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5.00 feet) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles fryst vatten played.

The minimum height for the ceiling above the court fryst vatten not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling fryst vatten likely to be hit on a high serve.

Serving

When the dator serves, the fjäderboll must resehandling over the short service line on the opponents' court or it will count as a fel.

The dator and receiver must remain within their service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the dator strikes the fjäderboll. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not block the framtidsperspektiv of the dator or receiver.

At the uppstart of the rally, the dator and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (see court dimensions).

The dator hits the fjäderboll so that it would nation in the receiver's service court. This fryst vatten similar to tennis, except that in a badminton serve the whole shuttle must be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit bygd the server's racket, the fjäderboll fryst vatten not allowed to bounce and in badminton, the players stand inre their service courts, unlike tennis.

When the serving side loses a rally, the dator immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this differs from the old struktur where sometimes the serve passes to the doubles partner for what fryst vatten known as a "second serve").

In singles, the dator stands in their right service court when their score fryst vatten even, and in their left service court when their score fryst vatten odd.

In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a different opponent each time. If the opponents win the rally and their new score fryst vatten even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined bygd their positions at the uppstart of the previous rally, not bygd where they were standing at the end of the rally.

A consequence of this struktur fryst vatten that each time a side regains the service, the dator will be the player who did not serve gods time.

Scoring

Main article: Scoring struktur development of badminton

Each game fryst vatten played to 21 points, with players scoring a point bygd winning a rally.^[14] This differs from the old struktur in which players may only win a point on their serve and each game fryst vatten to 15 points.

A match fryst vatten the best of three games.

If the score ties at 20–20, then the game continues until one side gains a two-point lead (such as 24–22), except when there fryst vatten a tie at 29–29, in which the game goes to a golden point of 30. Whoever scores this point wins the game.

At the början of a match, the fjäderboll fryst vatten cast and the side towards which the fjäderboll fryst vatten pointing serves first.

Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether to serve or receive first, or choosing which end of the court to occupy first, and their opponents making the remaining choice.

In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. Matches are best out of three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21 points each) to win the match.

For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who receives. The players change ends at the början of the second game; if the match reaches a third game, they change ends both at the uppstart of the game and when the leading player's or pair's score reaches 11 points.

Lets

If a let fryst vatten called, the rally fryst vatten stopped and replayed with no change to the score.

Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a fjäderboll landing on a court (having been hit there bygd players playing in adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail which can be classed as a let.

If the receiver fryst vatten not ready when the service fryst vatten delivered, a let shall be called; yet, if the receiver attempts to return the fjäderboll, the receiver shall be judged to have been ready.

Equipment

Badminton rules begränsa the design and storlek of racquets and shuttlecocks.

Racquets

Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams (2.5 and 3.4 ounces) not including grip or strings.^[15][16] They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be augmented bygd a variety of materials.

Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to vikt ratio, fryst vatten stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were made of wood. Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no längre manufactured for the ordinary marknad, because of their excessive mass and cost.

Nowadays, nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes are added to racquets giving them greater durability.^{[citation needed]}

There fryst vatten a bred variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racquet storlek and shape. Different racquets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape fryst vatten still available, but an isometric head shape fryst vatten increasingly common in new racquets.^{[citation needed]}

Strings

Badminton strings for racquets are thin, high-performing strings with thicknesses ranging from about 0.62 to 0.73 mm.

Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. String tension fryst vatten normally in the range of 80 to 160 N (18 to 36 lbf). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 80 and 110 N (18 and 25 lbf). Professionals string between about 110 and 160 N (25 and 36 lbf).

Some string manufacturers measure the thickness of their strings beneath tension so they are actually thicker than specified when slack. Ashaway Micropower fryst vatten actually 0.7mm but Yonex BG-66 fryst vatten about 0.72mm.^{[citation needed]}

It fryst vatten often argued that high string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power.^[17] The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such as claiming that a lower tension string bed fryst vatten more bouncy and therefore provides more power.

This fryst vatten, in fact, incorrect, for a higher string tension can cause the shuttle to slide off the racquet and hence man it harder to hit a shot accurately. An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player:^[15] the faster and more accurately a player can swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum power.

Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical analysis, nor fryst vatten there klar bevis in favour of one or the other.^{[citation needed]} The most effective way for a player to find a good string tension fryst vatten to experiment.^{[citation needed]}

Grip

The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold.

A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the sista layer.

Players may choose between a variety of grip materials. The most common choices are PU synthetic grips or towelling grips. Grip choice fryst vatten a matter of anställda preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a problem; in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or hands, sweatbands may be used, the player may choose another grip ämne or change their grip more frequently.

There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker and are often used to increase the storlek of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the sista layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the sista layer.

Towelling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the uppstart of the tejp and must be applied beneath tension; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying ämne.

Shuttlecock

Main article: Shuttlecock

A fjäderboll (often abbreviated to shuttle; also called a birdie) fryst vatten a high-drag projectile, with an open conical shape: the geometri fryst vatten formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base.

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The cork fryst vatten covered with thin leather or synthetic ämne. Synthetic shuttles are often used bygd recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles break easily. These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and a plastic skirt.^{[citation needed]}

According to Kathmandu Post the feathers used to man shuttlecocks are plucked from living birds, which causes pain to the birds.^[18]

Badminton rules also provide for testing a fjäderboll for the correct speed:^{[citation needed]}

3.1: To test a fjäderboll, hit a full underhand stroke that makes contact with the fjäderboll over the back boundary line.

The fjäderboll shall be hit at an upward vinkel and in a direction parallel to the sidelines. 3.2: A fjäderboll of the correct speed will nation not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line.

Shoes

Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber or similar high-grip, non-marking materials.

Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have little sido support. High levels of horisontell support are useful for activities where sido motion fryst vatten undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, however, requires powerful horisontell movements. A highly built-up sidledes support will not be able to skydda the foot in badminton; instead, it will encourage catastrophic collapse at the point where the shoe's support fails, and the player's ankles are not ready for the sudden loading, which can cause sprains.

For this reason, players should choose badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running shoes, because proper badminton shoes will have a very thin sole, lower a person's centre of gravity, and therefore result in fewer injuries. Players should also ensure that they learn safe and proper footwork, with the knee and foot in inriktning on all lunges.

This fryst vatten more than just a safety concern; proper footwork fryst vatten also critical in beställning to move effectively around the court.

Outfits

The Badminton World samarbete and Octagon developed a rule that women badminton players must wear dresses or skirts "to ensure attractive presentation", but although it was included in the tjänsteman rulebook in 2011, it was dropped before it was supposed to go into effect in 2012.^[19][20]

Technique

Strokes

Badminton offers a bred variety of basic strokes, and players require a high level of skill to perform all of them effectively.

All strokes can be played either forehand or backhand. A player's forehand side fryst vatten the same side as their playing hand: for a right-handed player, the forehand side fryst vatten their right side and the backhand side fryst vatten their left side. Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the grabb leading (like hitting with the palm), whereas backhand strokes are hit with the back of the grabb leading (like hitting with the knuckles).

Players frequently play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and vice versa.

In the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes can be played equally effectively on either the forehand or backhand side; but in the rear court, players will attempt to play as many strokes as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play a round-the-head forehand overhead (a forehand "on the backhand side") rather than attempt a backhand overhead.

Playing a backhand overhead has two main disadvantages. First, the player must vända their back to their opponents, restricting their view of them and the court. Second, backhand overheads cannot be hit with as much power as forehands: the hitting action fryst vatten limited bygd the shoulder joint, which permits a much greater range of movement for a forehand overhead than for a backhand.

The backhand clear fryst vatten considered bygd most players and coaches to be the most difficult basic stroke in the game, since the precise technique fryst vatten needed in beställning to muster enough power for the fjäderboll to travel the full length of the court. For the same reason, backhand smashes tend to be weak.

Position of the fjäderboll and receiving player

The choice of stroke depends on how nära the fjäderboll fryst vatten to the net, whether it fryst vatten above net height, and where an opponent fryst vatten currently positioned: players have much better attacking options if they can reach the fjäderboll well above net height, especially if it fryst vatten also close to the net.

In the forecourt, a high fjäderboll will be met with a net kill, hitting it steeply downwards and attempting to win the rally immediately. This fryst vatten why it fryst vatten best to drop the fjäderboll just over the net in this situation. In the midcourt, a high fjäderboll will usually be met with a powerful smash, also hitting downwards and hoping for an outright winner or a weak reply.

Athletic jump smashes, where players jump upwards for a steeper smash vinkel, are a common and spectacular element of elite men's doubles play. In the rearcourt, players strive to hit the fjäderboll while it fryst vatten still above them, rather than allowing it to drop lower. This overhead hitting allows them to play smashes, clears (hitting the fjäderboll high and to the back of the opponents' court), and drop shots (hitting the fjäderboll softly so that it falls sharply downwards into the opponents' forecourt).

If the fjäderboll has dropped lower, then a smash fryst vatten impossible and a full-length, high klar fryst vatten difficult.

Vertical position of the shuttlecock

When the fjäderboll fryst vatten well below net height, players have no choice but to hit upwards. Lifts, where the fjäderboll fryst vatten hit upwards to the back of the opponents' court, can be played from all parts of the court.

If a player does not lift, their only remaining option fryst vatten to push the fjäderboll softly back to the net: in the forecourt, this fryst vatten called a net shot; in the midcourt or rear court, it fryst vatten often called a push or block.

When the fjäderboll fryst vatten nära to net height, players can hit drives, which travel flat and rapidly over the net into the opponents' rear midcourt and rear court.

Pushes may also be hit flatter, placing the fjäderboll into the front midcourt. Drives and pushes may be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an attempt to regain the attack, rather than choosing to lift the fjäderboll and defend against smashes. After a successful drive or push, the opponents will often be forced to lift the fjäderboll.

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Spin

Balls may be spun to alter their bounce (for example, topspin and backspin in tennis) or trajectory, and players may slice the ball (strike it with an angled racquet face) to producera such spin. The fjäderboll fryst vatten not allowed to bounce, but slicing the fjäderboll does have applications in badminton.

(See Basic strokes for an explanation of technical terms.)

• Slicing the fjäderboll from the side may cause it to travel in a different direction from the direction suggested bygd the player's racquet or body movement. This fryst vatten used to deceive opponents.
• Slicing the fjäderboll from the side may cause it to follow a slightly curved path (as seen from above), and the deceleration imparted bygd the spin causes sliced strokes to slow down more suddenly towards the end of their flygning path.

  This can be used to create drop shots and smashes that dip more steeply after they resehandling the net.

• When playing a net shot, slicing underneath the fjäderboll may cause it to vända over itself (tumble) several times as it passes the net. This fryst vatten called a spinning net shot or tumbling net shot. The opponent will be unwilling to address the fjäderboll until it has corrected its orientation.

Due to the way that its feathers overlap, a fjäderboll also has a slight natural spin about its axis of rotational symmetry.

The spin fryst vatten in a counter-clockwise direction as seen from above when dropping a fjäderboll. This natural spin affects certain strokes: a rullande net shot fryst vatten more effective if the slicing action fryst vatten from right to left, rather than from left to right.^[21]

Biomechanics

Badminton biomechanics have not been the subject of extensive scientific study, but some studies confirm the minor role of the wrist in power generation and indikera that the major contributions to power komma from internal and external rotations of the upper and lower ledd.

Recent guides to the idrott thus emphasize forearm cirkelrörelse rather than wrist movements.^[23]

The feathers impart substantial drag, causing the fjäderboll to decelerate greatly over distance. The fjäderboll fryst vatten also extremely aerodynamically stable: regardless of första orientation, it will vända to flyga eller fly undan cork-first and remain in the cork-first orientation.

One consequence of the shuttlecock's drag fryst vatten that it requires considerable power to hit it the full length of the court, which fryst vatten not the case for most racquet sports. The drag also influences the flygning path of a lifted (lobbed) shuttlecock: the parabola of its flygning fryst vatten heavily skewed so that it falls at a steeper vinkel than it rises.

With very high serves, the fjäderboll may even fall vertically.

Other factors

When defending against a smash, players have three basic options: lift, block, or drive. In singles, a block to the net fryst vatten the most common reply. In doubles, a lift fryst vatten the safest option but it usually allows the opponents to continue smashing; blocks and drives are counter-attacking strokes but may be intercepted bygd the smasher's partner.

Many players use a backhand hitting action for returning smashes on both the forehand and backhand sides because backhands are more effective than forehands at covering smashes directed to the body. Hard shots directed towards the body are difficult to defend.

The service fryst vatten restricted bygd the Laws and presents its own array of stroke choices.

Unlike in tennis, the server's racquet must be pointing in a downward direction to deliver the serve so normally the shuttle must be hit upwards to resehandling over the net. The dator can choose a low serve into the forecourt (like a push), or a lift to the back of the service court, or a flat drive serve. Lifted serves may be either high serves, where the fjäderboll fryst vatten lifted so high that it falls almost vertically at the back of the court, or flick serves, where the fjäderboll fryst vatten lifted to a lesser height but falls sooner.

Deception

Once players have mastered these basic strokes, they can hit the fjäderboll from and to any part of the court, powerfully and softly as required. Beyond the basics, however, badminton offers rik potential for advanced stroke skills that provide a competitive advantage. Because badminton players have to cover a short distance as quickly as possible, the purpose of many advanced strokes fryst vatten to deceive the opponent, so that either they are tricked into believing that a different stroke fryst vatten being played, or they are forced to delay their movement until they actually sees the shuttle's direction.

"Deception" in badminton fryst vatten often used in both of these senses. When a player fryst vatten genuinely deceived, they will often lose the point immediately because they cannot change their direction quickly enough to reach the fjäderboll. Experienced players will be aware of the trick and cautious not to move too early, but the attempted deception fryst vatten still useful because it forces the opponent to delay their movement slightly.

Against weaker players whose intended strokes are obvious, an experienced player may move before the fjäderboll has been hit, anticipating the stroke to gain an advantage.

Slicing and using a shortened hitting action are the two main technical devices that facilitate deception. Slicing involves hitting the fjäderboll with an angled racquet face, causing it to travel in a different direction than suggested bygd the body or ledd movement.

Slicing also causes the fjäderboll to travel more slowly than the ledd movement suggests. For example, a good crosscourt sliced drop shot will use a hitting action that suggests a straight klar or a smash, deceiving the opponent about both the power and direction of the fjäderboll. A more sophisticated slicing action involves brushing the strings around the fjäderboll during the hit, in beställning to man the fjäderboll spin.

This can be used to improve the shuttle's trajectory, bygd making it dip more rapidly as it passes the net; for example, a sliced low serve can travel slightly faster than a normal low serve, yet nation on the same prick. Spinning the fjäderboll fryst vatten also used to create spinning net shots (also called tumbling net shots), in which the fjäderboll turns over itself several times (tumbles) before stabilizing; sometimes the fjäderboll remains inverted instead of rullande.

The main advantage of a spinning net shot fryst vatten that the opponent will be unwilling to address the fjäderboll until it has stopped rullande, since hitting the feathers will result in an unpredictable stroke. Spinning net shots are especially important for high-level singles players.

The lightness of modern racquets allows players to use a very short hitting action for many strokes, thereby maintaining the option to hit a powerful or a soft stroke until the gods possible moment.

For example, a singles player may hold their racquet ready for a net shot, but then flick the fjäderboll to the back instead with a shallow lift when they meddelande the opponent has moved before the actual shot was played. A shallow lift takes less time to reach the ground and as mentioned above a rally fryst vatten over when the fjäderboll touches the ground.

This makes the opponent's task of covering the whole court much more difficult than if the lift was hit higher and with a bigger, obvious swing. A short hitting action fryst vatten not only useful for deception: it also allows the player to hit powerful strokes when they have no time for a big ledd swing. A big ledd swing fryst vatten also usually not advised in badminton because bigger swings man it more difficult to recover for the next shot in fast exchanges.

The use of grip tightening fryst vatten crucial to these techniques, and fryst vatten often described as finger power. Elite players develop finger power to the extent that they can hit some power strokes, such as net kills, with less than a 10 centimetres (4 inches) racquet swing.

It fryst vatten also possible to reverse this style of deception, bygd suggesting a powerful stroke before slowing down the hitting action to play a soft stroke.

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In general, this latter style of deception fryst vatten more common in the rear court (for example, drop shots disguised as smashes), whereas the former style fryst vatten more common in the forecourt and midcourt (for example, lifts disguised as net shots).

Deception fryst vatten not limited to slicing and short hitting actions.

Players may also use double motion, where they man an första racquet movement in one direction before withdrawing the racquet to hit in another direction. Players will often do this to send opponents in the wrong direction. The racquet movement fryst vatten typically used to suggest a straight vinkel but then play the stroke crosscourt, or vice versa.

Triple motion fryst vatten also possible, but this fryst vatten very rare in actual play. An alternative to double motion fryst vatten to use a racquet head fake, where the första motion fryst vatten continued but the racquet fryst vatten turned during the hit. This produces a smaller change in direction but does not require as much time.

Strategy

To win in badminton, players need to employ a bred variety of strokes in the right situations.

These range from powerful jumping smashes to delicate rullande net returns. Often rallies finish with a smash, but setting up the smash requires subtler strokes. For example, a net shot can force the opponent to lift the fjäderboll, which gives an opportunity to smash. If the net shot fryst vatten tight and rullande, then the opponent's lift will not reach the back of the court, which makes the subsequent smash much harder to return.

Deception fryst vatten also important. specialist players prepare for many different strokes that look identical and use slicing to deceive their opponents about the speed or direction of the stroke. If an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, they may move in the wrong direction and may be unable to change their body momentum in time to reach the fjäderboll.

Singles

Since one individ needs to cover the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move as much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court.

Players exploit the length of the court bygd combining lifts and clears with drop shots and net shots. Smashing tends to be less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow up their effort and fryst vatten thus vulnerable to a skillfully placed return. Moreover, frequent smashing can be exhausting in singles where the conservation of a player's energy fryst vatten at a premium.

However, players with strong smashes will sometimes use the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to end rallies.

In singles, players will often uppstart the rally with a forehand high serve or with a flick serve. Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand. Drive serves are rare.

At high levels of play, singles demand extraordinary fitness.

Singles fryst vatten a game of patient positional manoeuvring, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles.^[24]

Doubles

Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, smashing downwards when the opportunity arises. Whenever possible, a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting down from the rear court, and their partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift.

If the rear court angrepp plays a drop shot, their partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply. If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will use flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack. If a pair fryst vatten forced to lift or klar the fjäderboll, then they must defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court against the opponents' smashes.

In doubles, players generally smash to the mittpunkt ground between two players in beställning to take advantage of confusion and clashes.

At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves have become fairly rare at a high level of play. The straight low serve fryst vatten used most frequently, in an attempt to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately.

Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.

Uppskattningsvis förbränns 184 kalorier genom för att utföra 30 minuters Badminton.

At high levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast. Men's doubles are the most aggressive struktur of badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes and very quick reflex exchanges. Because of this, spectator interest fryst vatten sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles.

Mixed doubles

In mixed doubles, both pairs typically try to maintain an attacking formation with the woman at the front and the man at the back.

This fryst vatten because the male players are usually substantially stronger, and can, therefore, tillverka smashes that are more powerful. As a result, mixed doubles require greater tactical awareness and subtler positional play. Clever opponents will try to reverse the ideal position, bygd forcing the woman towards the back or the man towards the front. In beställning to skydda against this danger, mixed players must be careful and systematic in their shot selection.^[25]

At high levels of play, the formations will generally be more flexible: the top women players are capable of playing powerfully from the back-court, and will happily do so if required.

When the opportunity arises, however, the pair will switch back to the standard mixed attacking position, with the woman in front and dock in the back.

Organization

Governing bodies

The Badminton World samarbete (BWF) fryst vatten the internationally recognized governing body of the idrott responsible for the regulation of tournaments and approaching fair play.

fem regional confederations are associated with the BWF:

Competitions

The BWF organizes several international competitions, including the Thomas Cup, the premier men's international grupp event first held in 1948–1949, and the Uber Cup, the women's equivalent first held in 1956–1957.

The competitions now take place once every two years. More than 50 national teams compete in kvalificerande tournaments within continental confederations for a place in the finals. The sista tournament involves 12 teams, following an increase from eight teams in 2004. It was further increased to 16 teams in 2012.^[26]

The Sudirman Cup, a gender-mixed international grupp event held once every two years, began in 1989.

Teams are divided into sju levels based on the performance of each country. To win the tournament, a country must perform well across all fem disciplines (men's doubles and singles, women's doubles and singles, and mixed doubles). Like association football (soccer), it features a promotion and relegation struktur at every level.

However, the struktur was gods used in 2009 and teams competing will now be grouped bygd world rankings.^[27]

Badminton was a demonstration event at the 1972 and 1988 Summer Olympics. It became an tjänsteman Summer Olympic idrott at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 and its gold medals now generally rate as the sport's most coveted prizes for individual players.

In the BWF World Championships, first held in 1977, currently only the highest-ranked 64 players in the world, and a maximum of kvartet from each country can participate in any category. Therefore, it's not an "open" format. In both the BWF World and the Olympic competitions restrictions on the number of participants from any one country have caused some controversy, because they result in excluding some world elite level players from the strongest badminton nations.

The Thomas, Uber, and Sudirman Cups, the Olympics, and the BWF World (and World Junior Championships), are all categorized as level one tournaments.

At the uppstart of 2007, the BWF introduced a new tournament structure for the highest level tournaments aside from those in level one: the BWF Super Series. This "level two" tournament series fryst vatten a circuit for the world's elite players, staging twelve open tournaments around the world with 32 players (half the previous limit).

The players collect points that determine whether they can play in Super Series Finals held at the year-end.

To calculate the calories burned while playing badminton, use the formula: \[ BMC = \frac{BMT}{60} \times 300 \times \frac{BW}{150} \] where: \(BMC\) fryst vatten the Calories Burned in Badminton (calories), \(BMT\) fryst vatten the total badminton time (minutes), \(BW\) fryst vatten the body vikt (pounds).

Among the tournaments in this series fryst vatten the venerable All-England Championships, first held in 1900, which was once considered the unofficial world championships of the sport.^[28]

Level three tournaments consist of Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix event. Top players can collect the world ranking points and enable them to play in the BWF Super Series open tournaments.

These include the regional competitions in Asia (Badminton Asia Championships) and europe (European Badminton Championships), which tillverka the world's best players as well as the Pan amerika Badminton Championships.

The level fyra tournaments, known as International utmaning, International Series, and Future Series, encourage participation bygd junior players.^[29]

Comparison with tennis

Badminton fryst vatten frequently compared to tennis due to several qualities.

The following fryst vatten a list of manifest differences:

• Scoring: In badminton, a match fryst vatten played best of 2 of 3 games, with each game played up to 21 points. In tennis a match fryst vatten played best of 3 or 5 sets, each set consisting of 6 games and each game ends when one player wins 4 points or wins two consecutive points at deuce points.

  If both teams are tied at "game point", they must play until one grupp achieves a two-point advantage. However, at 29–all, whoever scores the golden point will win. In tennis, if the score fryst vatten tied 6–6 in a set, a tiebreaker will be played, which ends once a player reaches at least 7 points and has a two-point advantage.

• In tennis, the ball may bounce once before the point ends; in badminton, the rally ends once the fjäderboll touches the floor.
• In tennis, the serve fryst vatten dominant to the extent that the dator fryst vatten expected to win most of their service games (at advanced level & onwards); a break of service, where the dator loses the game, fryst vatten of major importance in a match.

  In badminton, a dator has far less an advantage and fryst vatten unlikely to score an ace (unreturnable serve).

• In tennis, the dator has two chances to hit a serve into the service box; in badminton, the dator fryst vatten allowed only one attempt.
• A tennis court fryst vatten approximately twice the length and width of a badminton court.
• Tennis racquets are about kvartet times as heavy as badminton racquets, 10 to 12 ounces (280 to 340 grams) versus 2 to 3 ounces (57 to 85 grams).^[30][31] Tennis balls are more than eleven times heavier than shuttlecocks, 57 grams (2.0 ounces) versus 5 grams (0.18 ounces).^[32][33]
• The fastest recorded tennis stroke fryst vatten Samuel Groth's 163.4 miles per hour (263 kilometres per hour) serve,^[34] whereas the fastest badminton stroke during gameplay was Mads Pieler Kolding's 264.7 miles per hour (426 kilometres per hour) recorded smash at a Badminton Premier League match.^[35]

Statistics such as the smash speed, above, prompt badminton enthusiasts to man other comparisons that are more contentious.

For example, it fryst vatten often claimed that badminton fryst vatten the fastest racquet sport.^[36] Although badminton holds the record for the fastest första speed of a racquet sports projectile, the fjäderboll decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls. In vända, this qualification must be qualified bygd consideration of the distance over which the fjäderboll travels: a smashed fjäderboll travels a shorter distance than a tennis ball during a serve.

While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their idrott fryst vatten the more physically demanding, such comparisons are difficult to man objectively because of the differing demands of the games. No formal study currently exists evaluating the physical condition of the players or demands during gameplay.

Badminton and tennis techniques differ substantially.

The lightness of the fjäderboll and of badminton racquets allows badminton players to man use of the wrist and fingers much more than tennis players; in tennis, the wrist fryst vatten normally held stable, and playing with a mobile wrist may lead to injury. For the same reasons, badminton players can generate power from a short racquet swing: for some strokes such as net kills, an elite player's swing may be less than 5 centimetres (2 inches).

For strokes that require more power, a längre swing will typically be used, but the badminton racquet swing will rarely be as long as a typical tennis swing.

See also

Notes

References